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1.
CoDAS ; 35(6): e20220189, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514022

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study is to characterize the phonological skills of low-income preschool children in a city in the Natal in the Northeast, Brazil. Methods The researchers assessed the phonological skills of 90 children (from 5 to 6:11) in early childhood education in three public schools located in regions of social and economic vulnerability. The evaluators used the phonology subtests of the Test of Childhood language (ABFW) children's language test. In addition to performing the standard analysis they examined the following: Phonological Processes (PP), Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC), Percentage of Correct Consonants Revised (PCC-R), and Process Density Index (PDI). The Spearman's Correlation Coefficient test was used to analyze for correlations among the PCC, PCC-R, and PDI. Results According to the cutoff values of children who speak Brazilian Portuguese (BP), adequacy of the PCC and PCC-R values was observed in most participants (PCC: 82 children - 91.1%; PCC-R: 87 children - 94.6%). The processes of liquid simplification (LS), consonant clusters simplification (CCS), final consonant simplification (FCS) were productive of which the CCS (32.2%) and FCS (20%) are still expected for age and LS are not. There was a robust negative correlation between the variables PCC x PDI and PCC-R x PDI. Conclusion Most children showed adequate phonological development. Variations were observed in syllabic segments, especially in the coda, which reflect the influence of regional linguistic differences. The evidence obtained regarding the phonological performance of children within this region contributes to a more accurate speech-language diagnosis.


RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o sistema fonológico de crianças pré-escolares de baixa renda da cidade de Natal, Nordeste do Brasil. Método Foi analisado o nível fonológico de 90 crianças da educação infantil de três escolas públicas localizadas em regiões de vulnerabilidade social. Foi utilizado o instrumento ABFW, nomeação e imitação, por meio da análise tradicional e das medidas de Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas (PCC), Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas Revisado (PCC-R) e Índice de Ocorrência de Processos (PDI). Para análise estatística inferencial foi utilizado o teste do Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman para analisar a correlação entre as variáveis PCC, PCC-R e PDI. Resultados De acordo com os valores de corte das crianças que falam Português Brasileiro (PB), a adequação dos valores da PCC e PCC-R foi observada na maioria dos participantes (PCC: 82 crianças - 91,1%; PCC R: 87 crianças - 94,6%). Os processos de simplificação de líquidas (SL), simplificação de encontros consonantais (SEC), simplificação de consoante final (SCF) foram produtivos dos quais o CCS (32,2%) e FCS (20%) ainda são esperados para a idade e SL não. Houve correlação negativa muito forte entre as variáveis PCC x PDI e PCC-R x PDI. Conclusão A maioria das crianças apresentou desenvolvimento fonológico adequado. Foram observadas variações nos segmentos silábicos, principalmente na coda, que refletem a influência das diferenças linguísticas regionais. As evidências obtidas sobre o desempenho fonológico das crianças dessa região contribuem para um diagnóstico fonoaudiológico mais preciso.

2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(8): e180120, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-955114

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Melanin production has been associated with virulence in various pathogenic fungi, including Fonsecaea pedrosoi, the major etiological agent for chromoblastomycosis, a subcutaneous fungal disease that occurs in South America. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acid-basic extracted F. pedrosoi melanin particles and fungal cell ghosts obtained by Novozym 234 treatment on their ability to activate the human complement system. METHODS The ability of melanin particles and fungal cell ghosts to activate the human complement system was evaluated by complement consumption, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FINDINGS Unsensitised melanin particles and melanin ghosts presented complement consumption of 82.67 ± 2.08% and 96.04 ± 1.13%, respectively. Immunofluorescence assays revealed intense deposition of the C3 and C4 fragments on the surface of melanin particles and ghosts extracted from F. pedrosoi. Deposition of the C3, C4, and C5 fragments onto melanin samples and zymosan was confirmed by ELISA. Deposition of small amounts of C1q and C9 onto melanin samples and zymosan was detected by ELISA. CONCLUSION Fonsecaea pedrosoi melanin particles and fungal cell ghosts activated the complement system mainly through an alternative pathway.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ascomycota/chemistry , Complement Activation , Melanins/isolation & purification , Melanins/biosynthesis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique
3.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 12(144): 251-258, maio 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-558375

ABSTRACT

A sistematização da assistência de enfermagem como prática do enfermeiro para mudança e qualificação do cuidado e a exigência legal que a envolve estimulou o presente estudo, que tem como objetivo analisar a prática do enfermeiro referente à Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em indivíduos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, utilizando a linguagem diagnóstica da NANDA. A metodologia consistiu em uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de campo, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi norteada por um questionário semi estruturado e mediante a realização da entrevista de 11 enfermeiros assistenciais da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O tratamento dos dados baseou-se na análise temática, que possibilitou identificar as categorias: SAE enquanto prática do cuidar e SAE enquanto organização do trabalho. Constataram-se registros de avanços crescentes e significativos, porém observa-se uma dificuldade tanto teórica como prática de realizar a sistematização. Precisa-se investir em capacitações e pesquisas, para evoluir da prática empírica para uma enfermagem baseada em evidências e integral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Care/methods , Nursing Diagnosis/classification , Intensive Care Units , Qualitative Research , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 71(2): 273-7, jun. 1999. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-234517

ABSTRACT

Previous research on plants used in folk medicine as antidotes against snake-bite revealed some constituents responsible for such protection. Chlorogenic acid (3-0-caffeoyl quinic acid) was one of these substances, studied with more attention. It has been shown that this substance binds to proteins through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. This paper shows the preliminary results about the anti-complementary action of chlorogenic acid. Human and guinea pig sera, treated with chlorogenic acid, were added to the hemolytic system (sheep erythrocyte sensitized with hemolysin) to study its effect on the activation of the classical complement pathway. The action on the alternative pathway was studied with human serum treated with chlorogenic acid and zymosan. Our results show that chlorogenic acid presents anti-complementary action at the classical pathway, since the sera are not able to lysis the indicator system. The presence of C3b fragments on the surface of the yeast cells demonstrates that the alternative pathway was not affected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology , Complement System Proteins/drug effects , Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Complement C3b , Complement System Proteins/metabolism , Edetic Acid/pharmacology , Hemolysis/drug effects , Zymosan/pharmacology
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